四大特殊句型

在英文中，我们经常会用到四大特殊句型：

• 强调句
• 倒装句
• 虚拟语气
• 独立主格

接下来我们一个个来看！

强调句

It is/was + 强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分

They will have meeting in the hall tomorrow.
It is they that/who will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.
It is a meeting that they will have in the tall tomorrow.
It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.
It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the tall.

如果去掉It is/was …… that/who …… 去掉，余下的句子还是一个完整的句子，那就是强调句。

It is the ability to do the job that matters,not where you come from or what you are.
It was not until midnight that they reached the camp site.
It was very carefully that little Jim wrote the letter.

倒装句

• 完全倒装：谓语动词 + 主语
• 部分倒装：助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词

完全倒装

1、there be句型：另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有exist，appear，stand等

There stood a dog.
There exist different opinions on this question.
There is a book.(A book is there.)

2、分词前置：

Standing beside the desk was a teacher.
(A teacher was standing beside the desk.)

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.
(A group of young people were seated on the ground.)

3、介词或者介词短语：

In came the teacher.

Out rushed the boy. 
Out he rushed.(主语是代词的时候，句子顺序要正过来)

At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

4、形容词短语：

Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.

部分倒装

1、only短语前置：

Only in this way can you learn English well.

2、Not until 短语前置（属于否定词前置）：直到……才……

·He didn't finish his homework until his mother came back.
Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework.

·The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

3、否定词前置：否定词前置,句子一定要倒装

Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
Seldom do I go to the cinema.
Not a single mistake did he make at the exam yesterday.
Little did he care about his own health though he was very ill.

虚拟语气

表达假设，if从句 + 主句

对现在的虚拟

if + did/were + would/could/should/might + do

对将来的虚拟

If + were to do/should do + would/could/should/might + do

对过去的虚拟

If had done + would/could/should/might + have done

If I were you, I would accept his advice.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
If I had studied harder before, I would have passed the exam.

如果没有if，直接把主语后面的谓语动词提到前面即可。

Were I you, I would accept his advice.
Should it rain/Were it to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
Had I studied harder before, I would have passed the exam.

在suggest、demand、order、insist等命令或者强烈情感的动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“（should）+动词原形do”。

He suggested that we (should) set about doing the work at once.
I insist that she (should) do here work alone.
The leader ordered that the army (should) set off at once.

独立主格

独立主格结构和悬挂结构的区别：独立主格结构中有自己的独立的逻辑主语。

Standing on the top of the mountain, I saw the whole BeiJing
Built in 1979, our school is an old school.
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
The problem solved, we went home.
Winter coming, people were more and more.

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